Panorama sobre la tipología fonológica: avances, perspectivas y desafíos
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Si bien la fonología, en comparación con la morfología y la sintaxis, ha estado subrepresentada dentro del programa de investigación y la agenda de la tipología lingüística moderna, recientemente se ha dado un mayor debate sobre su naturaleza, alcances y proyecciones (Gordon 2016, Hyman & Plank 2018). Los objetivos de esta investigación son ofrecer un panorama sobre los inicios, objetivos y contribuciones de la tipología fonológica, así como discutir algunos de sus desafíos formales, empíricos y metodológicos. En esa línea, este trabajo se adscribe a la postura de Kiparsky (2018), según la cual toda tipología fonológica es fundamentalmente teórica y, como tal, dependiente de las categorías y niveles de análisis asumidos, los cuales deben ser explicitados. Asimismo, se propone destacar la importancia y los aportes de la documentación fonética de lenguas amenazadas o de variedades poco documentadas para la consolidación de la tipología fonológica, especialmente a la luz del advenimiento de la tecnología digital, la fonología de laboratorio y un incremento de los enfoques cuantitativos y computacionales
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