Impacts of climatic variability on the vegetation of the Sauce Grande river basin (Argentina)
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Climate change has had profound impacts on terrestrial ecosystems, vegetation being one of the most affected elements. The objective of this work was to analyze the impacts of climate variability on the vegetation of the Sauce Grande river basin (Argentina) by applying the standardized precipitation and evapotranspiration index (SPEI) and the vegetation index of normalized difference (NDVI). The methodology included analyzing three-point data from the February and October NDVI and the two-month SPEI during the 2000-2020 period. A Pearson correlation was applied between both indices, and the trend and variations were calculated from the Mann Kendall test and the Sen slope estimator, respectively. The results indicated that the two-month SPEI scale (SPEI-2) was the most appropriate to analyze the dynamics of the vegetation of the study area since the correlation coefficient was higher than 0.782 with a high degree of statistical significance (p <0.01) in the three sectors of the basin. During the 2000-2020 period, the SPEI-2 presented a negative and statistically significant trend throughout the study area. Therefore, there was an increase in the frequency of dry periods and an increase in the magnitude of these events, increasing in the N-S direction during February and the opposite during October. The NDVI for February and October also presented a negative trend and statistical significance throughout the basin. This situation indicated that the vegetation presented deterioration processes as a consequence of the increase in dry periods. The lower basin was the one that reflected the most critical deterioration processes since the February NDVI presented a decrease rate of -0.032, while that of October was -0.044 in the 21 years analyzed. The results were found to provide essential information for decision-makers and agricultural producers since it will serve as a basis for planning agroeconomic activities, land use planning, and guiding public policies to conserve the natural resources of the Sauce Grande river basin.
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