Influencia de factores edafo/climáticos sobre poblaciones microbianas de suelos áridos con agricultura bajo riego

Autores/as

  • Lujan Masseroni Agencia de Extensión Rural –Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria- 25 de Mayo, La Pampa. Estación Experimental Agropecuaria-Anguil.
  • María Micaela Pérez Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Anguil - Instituto Argentina de Tecnología Agrpecuaria https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5556-686X
  • Paolo Daniel Sartor Agencia de Extensión Rural –Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria- 25 de Mayo, La Pampa. Estación Experimental Agropecuaria-Anguil. General Pico 720
  • Laura Marcela Rörig Centro de Investigaciones en Recursos Naturales - Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria - Castelar.
  • Luciano José Merini Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Anguil – Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cinentíficas y Técnicas

Palabras clave:

Actividad biológica, Riego, Ecosistemas áridos

Resumen

Lasfronterasagrícolas se están expandiendoconstantemente,por medio de la tecnología de riego,haciazonas áridas marginales. Considerando el impacto de la población bacteriana y su actividad biológica en la homeostasis del suelo, lageneración deinformación sobre la biodiversidad del suelo y su actividad biológica son un importante aporte para maximizar la producción con un impacto mínimo en estos ambientes susceptibles. El objetivo de este trabajo exploratorio fue evaluar el efecto de las prácticas agrícolas a largo plazo (30 años) sobre la actividad y los aspectos estructurales de la comunidad microbiana de los suelos áridoscon agricultura bajo riego. Para ello, seevaluaron tres ambientes, recolectandomuestras de un suelo árido Prístino (sin riegoy sin disturbar) y dos suelos agrícolasbajo riego con diferentehistorial de manejo(Alfalfa y Maíz) a lo largo de la temporada 2014-2015. Se realizóunanálisis fisicoquímico delossuelos, se registró la temperatura y humedad, así como la actividad biológica total (hidrólisis FDA) y la huella molecular (DGGE y T-RFLP) para cada tratamiento. Los análisis fisicoquímicos del suelo muestran que las prácticas agrícolas mejoraronalgunas de laspropiedades edáficas como el nivel de materia orgánica, aunque el aporte de agua en cantidades limitadas (riego presurizado)provocóun aumento de la conductividad eléctrica. La actividad biológica total a lo largo de las estacionesdel añomostró perfiles similares para todos los ambientes, y los meses más fríos/sin riego y más caluroso/con riegomostraron las actividades más bajas y más altas, respectivamente. En general, la condición Prístinapresentó niveles de actividad biológica significativamente más bajos a lo largo de la temporada. La huella dactilar DGGE mostró un patrón discreto con bajonúmero de bandas y, contra lo esperado, no mostró diferencias entre los tres ambientes evaluados.El análisisporT-RFLP posterior confirmó que la biodiversidad bacteriana del suelo no fue modificada por décadas de intensa actividad agrícola.

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Publicado

2021-12-30

Cómo citar

Masseroni, L., Pérez, M. M., Sartor, P. D., Rörig, L. M., & Merini, L. J. (2021). Influencia de factores edafo/climáticos sobre poblaciones microbianas de suelos áridos con agricultura bajo riego. Boletin Geografico, 43(2). Recuperado a partir de https://revele.uncoma.edu.ar/index.php/geografia/article/view/3571

Número

Sección

Tierras, geomorfología y recursos naturales

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